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AMD · Anti-VEGF · Geographic Atrophy · Eye treatments

Macular Degeneration Treatment in Turkey — Wet AMD, Dry AMD and Geographic Atrophy at Eyeglow Istanbul

Retina-specialist-led age-related macular degeneration (AMD) management — anti-VEGF intravitreal injections (Eylea, Lucentis, Vabysmo) for wet AMD, complement-inhibitor therapy (Syfovre, Izervay) for geographic atrophy, and AREDS2 protocol with structured OCT monitoring for dry AMD. Reviewed by our retina surgical team. Honest about chronic management — we deliver loading-dose treatment and a transferable plan for your home retina clinic.

Simulated central vision loss over a road scene, with an inset fundus photograph showing drusen at the macula — age-related macular degeneration treatment at Eyeglow Health, Istanbul
Procedure time5–15 min (injection)
AnaesthesiaTopical drops
Hospital stayOutpatient
Loading dose3 monthly injections
Time in Istanbul3–5 nights per visit
Follow-upTreat-and-extend
What it is

What is age-related macular degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease of the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision — and the leading cause of severe central vision loss in adults over 50. Dry AMD (85–90% of cases) progresses slowly through drusen formation and may advance to geographic atrophy; wet AMD (10–15%) involves abnormal blood vessels (choroidal neovascularisation) leaking fluid under the retina and can cause rapid central vision loss without treatment.

At Eyeglow Health in Istanbul, AMD is managed by our retina surgical team using FDA-approved anti-VEGF therapies (Eylea / aflibercept, Lucentis / ranibizumab, Vabysmo / faricimab) for wet AMD, complement-inhibitor therapy (Syfovre / pegcetacoplan, Izervay / avacincaptad — both FDA-approved in 2023) for geographic atrophy, and the AREDS2 vitamin protocol with structured monitoring for early and intermediate dry AMD. Our pathway is consistent with American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) AMD Preferred Practice Pattern and American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) treatment consensus.

AMD is a chronic condition. Eyeglow can deliver second-opinion review, loading-dose anti-VEGF treatment (3 monthly injections) and structured aftercare — but we are honest that long-term maintenance is best continued with a retina specialist at home, and we provide a transferable treat-and-extend protocol to make that seamless. That assessment belongs to a retina specialist who has personally reviewed your macular OCT and fundus imaging — not to a marketing brochure.

How it works

From first consultation to ongoing care

  1. 01

    Online macular review

    You share your most recent macular OCT, fundus photograph, fluorescein angiography or OCT angiography (if available), and any prior anti-VEGF injection records. Our retina surgical team reviews your case and confirms the AMD type (early / intermediate dry, geographic atrophy, neovascular / wet) and the most appropriate treatment plan before a quote is issued.

  2. 02

    Pre-treatment imaging in Istanbul

    On day 1 we repeat macular OCT, wide-field fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA) or OCT angiography (OCTA) and Amsler grid testing. These confirm the AMD stage, identify choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) location and lesion size in wet AMD, and quantify drusen and geographic atrophy area in dry AMD.

  3. 03

    Personalised treatment plan

    Our retina surgical team explains the plan in plain language: which anti-VEGF agent (Eylea / Lucentis / Vabysmo) is most appropriate for wet AMD, the loading and treat-and-extend schedule, and which complementary measures (AREDS2 vitamins, smoking cessation, blood pressure control) apply. For geographic atrophy we discuss Syfovre and Izervay complement-inhibitor options approved by FDA in 2023.

  4. 04

    Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection (5–15 minutes)

    Performed in a sterile minor procedure room. The eye is anaesthetised with topical drops and a betadine ocular wash, the conjunctiva is gently retracted, and the anti-VEGF agent is injected through a fine 30-gauge needle 3.5 to 4 mm behind the corneal limbus (the pars plana). The procedure typically causes little or no discomfort and takes about 15 minutes including preparation. You can usually go home or to your hotel within 30 minutes of the injection.

  5. 05

    Same-day and 1-month review

    You return for a slit-lamp check the morning after the injection and again at one month. Vision usually improves within 1 to 4 weeks for wet AMD if the lesion is treatment-responsive. Persistent floaters are normal for 24 to 48 hours after the injection; severe pain, redness or vision drop beyond 24 hours requires urgent review.

  6. 06

    Treat-and-extend continuation plan

    Wet AMD is a chronic condition that typically requires ongoing anti-VEGF injections — either monthly (initial loading dose, 3 injections), then progressively extended to 6 to 12-week intervals if the macula remains dry on OCT. Eyeglow can deliver loading-dose treatment in Istanbul or coordinate with your retina specialist at home for ongoing maintenance. Detailed written care plan provided so any retina clinic can continue your protocol seamlessly.

Treatment by AMD type

Dry vs Geographic Atrophy vs Wet AMD

The right treatment depends on the AMD type and stage. Here is how the four clinical scenarios are managed:

AspectDry — early / intermediateGeographic atrophyWet — active CNVWet — stable on treatment
AMD typeDry — early / intermediateDry — geographic atrophyWet — active CNVWet — stable on treatment
TreatmentAREDS2 vitamins, lifestyle, monitoringSyfovre (pegcetacoplan) or Izervay (avacincaptad) — slow progressionAnti-VEGF — Eylea / Lucentis / Vabysmo monthly loading doseAnti-VEGF treat-and-extend (every 6–16 weeks)
Vision outcomeStable in most patients with AREDS2Progression slowed (~20% reduction in atrophy growth)Visual improvement in 30–40%, stability in 90%+Maintained visual gain
Treatment frequencyDaily vitamins; annual reviewMonthly or bi-monthly intravitreal injectionMonthly for first 3 (loading)Every 6–16 weeks (extending)
Procedure typeNo procedureIntravitreal injectionIntravitreal injectionIntravitreal injection
Time commitmentAnnual ophthalmologist reviewIndefinite injection schedule3 months loading, then maintenanceLifelong, lower frequency
Pricing

Personalised pricing

Every treatment plan is priced individually after your consultation and imaging review. Request a written, all-inclusive quote — clear, itemised, and with no obligation.

Request a written quote
Package transparency

What's included in your AMD treatment package

Included in package

  • Pre-treatment imaging (macular OCT, wide-field fundus, FA or OCTA, Amsler grid)
  • Retina-specialist consultation + treatment plan review
  • Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection (Eylea / Lucentis / Vabysmo as appropriate)
  • Sterile minor procedure room with betadine ocular prep + topical anaesthesia
  • 5-star hotel — 3 nights per visit
  • VIP airport transfers (return)
  • Post-injection drops + aftercare kit
  • Same-day and 1-month follow-up OCT review
  • Written treat-and-extend care plan for continuation at your home clinic
  • Multilingual retina coordinator — 24/7
  • Complication insurance — covers eligible post-injection medical complications (endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, IOP spike) at our partner accredited hospital (issued in line with the Turkish Ministry of Health International Health Tourism Authority Certificate)

Paid separately

Items below are not part of the medical package — your coordinator helps you arrange them at no markup.

  • Flights to/from Istanbul
  • Personal expenses
  • AREDS2 vitamins — recommended for purchase at home (over-the-counter, widely available)
  • Continued anti-VEGF injections at home country between Istanbul visits
  • Cataract surgery if eventually needed — quoted separately
  • Low vision rehabilitation services
  • Unrelated medical treatments
  • Travel insurance (flight cancellation, baggage, general trip cover) — separate from the medical complication policy above; your coordinator can recommend a provider at no markup
Our team

The surgeons who will care for you

Your procedure is carried out by our retina surgical team at our partner accredited hospital in Istanbul. Their training and sub-specialty focus are shown below.

Medically reviewed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammet Derda Özer, FICO

Candidacy

Are you a candidate for AMD treatment at Eyeglow?

You may be a good candidate if

  • You have a diagnosis of dry, geographic atrophy or wet (neovascular) age-related macular degeneration confirmed on macular OCT.
  • You want a second-opinion review of your AMD type, prognosis and optimal treatment plan before continuing care at home.
  • You have wet AMD and need anti-VEGF loading dose (3 monthly injections) before transitioning to a maintenance schedule at your home clinic.
  • You have geographic atrophy and want to evaluate Syfovre or Izervay complement-inhibitor therapy approved by FDA in 2023.
  • You have early or intermediate dry AMD and want a structured AREDS2 protocol with annual specialist monitoring.

A different pathway may be safer if

  • You have active ocular or systemic infection — must be controlled before any intravitreal injection.
  • You have advanced end-stage AMD with no light perception — treatment will not restore vision.
  • You cannot commit to a long-term injection schedule — wet AMD requires chronic management; one-off treatment is rarely sufficient.
  • You have severe untreated glaucoma — intraocular pressure must be optimised before injection.
  • Pregnancy — anti-VEGF use is contraindicated.

Disclaimer. Information on this page is consistent with American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) AMD Preferred Practice Pattern, American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) consensus, AREDS / AREDS2 trial data (NIH National Eye Institute), and FDA approvals of Eylea (2011), Lucentis (2006), Vabysmo (2022), Syfovre (Feb 2023) and Izervay (Aug 2023). It is educational and not a clinical recommendation. The only reliable way to know which AMD treatment is right for you is a retina-specialist evaluation based on macular OCT, fundus imaging and angiography.

Risks & outcomes

Realistic outcomes — the risks that actually matter

Every intravitreal injection carries measurable risk. We list them here in the same plain language our surgical team uses in your consultation:

Endophthalmitis (intraocular infection)

The most serious complication of intravitreal injection — published incidence below 0.05 percent (1 in 2,000 injections) with sterile technique, betadine prep and povidone-iodine. Detected at the day-1 review and treated immediately with intravitreal antibiotics if it ever occurs. Eyeglow includes a 24-hour ophthalmology-on-call line for any urgent post-injection symptom.

Intraocular pressure spike

Transient IOP elevation lasting minutes to hours is common after injection; managed by anterior chamber paracentesis at the time of injection if needed. Persistent glaucoma from repeat injections is uncommon (<5%) and managed with standard glaucoma drops.

Retinal detachment

Very rare (<0.1%) — typically detected by sudden flashes, floaters or curtain in vision. Eyeglow flags this urgently and arranges retinal surgery within 24 hours if it ever occurs.

Treatment burden and discontinuation

Wet AMD anti-VEGF treatment is a chronic commitment — published US registry data show approximately 25 percent of patients discontinue treatment within the first 2 years due to scheduling, travel or financial burden. Vision loss often follows discontinuation. Eyeglow provides a written treat-and-extend plan transferable to any retina clinic at home — to make sustained treatment realistic.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about AMD

What is macular degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease affecting the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed and colour vision. Damage to the macula causes blurred or distorted central vision and is the leading cause of severe central vision loss in adults over 50 in industrialised countries. AMD has two main forms: (1) Dry AMD — accounting for 85–90 percent of cases, characterised by drusen deposits and gradual cellular loss; advanced dry AMD is called geographic atrophy. (2) Wet AMD — accounting for 10–15 percent, caused by abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina (choroidal neovascularisation, CNV) which leak fluid and blood. Wet AMD progresses fast without treatment but responds well to modern anti-VEGF therapy.

Is macular degeneration hereditary?

Yes — genetic factors significantly increase risk. The CFH (complement factor H) and ARMS2 gene variants are the strongest individual risk factors; first-degree relatives of patients with AMD have approximately 3 to 4 times higher lifetime risk than the general population. However, genetics is not destiny — modifiable factors (smoking, hypertension, obesity, diet, sun exposure) account for a substantial portion of AMD progression risk. Genetic testing is available but not routinely recommended outside research settings because results do not change clinical management.

What causes macular degeneration?

AMD is multifactorial. The established risk factors are: (1) Age — almost universal trigger above 50. (2) Smoking — doubles to quadruples lifetime risk; the single strongest modifiable factor. (3) Genetics — CFH, ARMS2 and HTRA1 variants. (4) Cardiovascular risk factors — hypertension, high cholesterol and obesity. (5) Light exposure and oxidative stress. (6) Light skin and blue eyes (some studies). The biological mechanism involves cumulative oxidative damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), drusen deposit formation, complement system overactivation and — in wet AMD — VEGF-driven choroidal neovascularisation. Anti-VEGF therapy and AREDS2 nutrition target two of these mechanisms directly.

What does vision look like with macular degeneration?

Early AMD often has no symptoms — central vision feels normal but drusen are visible on OCT. As AMD progresses you may notice: distorted straight lines (door frames appear bent — called metamorphopsia), a faded or grey patch in the centre of your vision, difficulty reading small print despite glasses, dimmer colours, slow adaptation to low light, and reduced contrast sensitivity. Wet AMD often causes a sudden change — rapid central blurring or a dark spot — which is a medical emergency: untreated wet AMD can permanently destroy central vision in days to weeks. The Amsler grid (a printable grid of horizontal and vertical lines) is the home test to monitor for new distortion; we provide one and teach you how to use it.

How is macular degeneration treated?

Treatment depends on the AMD type. (1) Early / intermediate dry AMD — AREDS2 vitamin protocol (vitamin C 500 mg, vitamin E 400 IU, lutein 10 mg, zeaxanthin 2 mg, zinc 80 mg, copper 2 mg daily), smoking cessation, blood pressure control, UV protection and annual ophthalmologist review. (2) Geographic atrophy — FDA approved Syfovre (pegcetacoplan) and Izervay (avacincaptad pegol) complement inhibitors slow atrophy growth by approximately 20 percent. (3) Wet AMD — intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (Eylea, Lucentis, Vabysmo, Beovu) every 4 to 16 weeks. The loading dose is typically 3 monthly injections followed by treat-and-extend or pro re nata (PRN) maintenance. With timely treatment 90+ percent of patients maintain or improve vision; without treatment severe central vision loss often occurs within 1 to 2 years.

Can macular degeneration be reversed?

The structural damage from advanced AMD — geographic atrophy, scarring, retinal pigment epithelium loss — cannot currently be reversed. However, vision can often be improved or stabilised in wet AMD when treatment starts before significant scarring develops: published series show 30 to 40 percent of treated wet AMD patients gain measurable visual acuity and 90+ percent prevent further loss. For dry AMD and geographic atrophy the goal is to slow progression, not reverse damage. Emerging therapies (gene therapy, stem cell approaches, complement modulators) are in clinical trials and may eventually offer regenerative options.

What does the AMD treatment package include?

Every Eyeglow AMD package is priced individually after our retina surgical team reviews your macular OCT and confirms the AMD type and treatment plan. All packages include: pre-treatment imaging (macular OCT, wide-field fundus photography, fluorescein angiography or OCTA, Amsler grid), retina-specialist consultation, the intravitreal injection procedure using FDA-approved agents (Eylea / Lucentis / Vabysmo for wet AMD or Syfovre / Izervay for geographic atrophy), sterile minor procedure room with betadine prep and topical anaesthesia, 5-star hotel for 3 nights per visit, VIP airport transfers, post-injection drops and aftercare kit, same-day and 1-month follow-up OCT review, a written treat-and-extend care plan for continuation at your home clinic, multilingual coordinator, and complication insurance. We use the same FDA-approved Eylea, Lucentis, Vabysmo, Syfovre and Izervay drugs used in major retina centres. Request a written itemised quote — no obligation.

What happens if I stop anti-VEGF injections for wet AMD?

The honest answer is that vision often deteriorates when injections stop. Wet AMD is a chronic disease — anti-VEGF therapy controls the abnormal blood vessels but does not eliminate the underlying drive. US registry data (Comparison of AMD Treatment Trials, CATT) and real-world series show that approximately 60 to 80 percent of patients who discontinue treatment lose acuity within 12 months. Some patients with stable disease at 5+ years can extend intervals to 12 to 16 weeks or even pause treatment safely under OCT surveillance, but this is a clinical decision made by your retina specialist based on dry-macula imaging — not by self-discontinuation. Eyeglow can provide loading dose in Istanbul and a transferable maintenance plan for your home clinic.

How can I prevent macular degeneration progression?

Five evidence-based steps: (1) Do not smoke — smoking is the strongest modifiable AMD risk factor. (2) Take AREDS2 vitamins if you have intermediate dry AMD (over-the-counter formulation, widely available). (3) Control blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes — cardiovascular risk factors accelerate AMD. (4) Eat a Mediterranean-style diet with green leafy vegetables, oily fish (omega-3) and antioxidants. (5) Protect eyes from UV with sunglasses; treat any other ocular disease (cataract, dry eye) proactively. Annual ophthalmologist review with macular OCT is recommended above age 50, especially if you have a family history.

What are the first signs of wet AMD?

The classic early symptom is sudden onset of distorted central vision — straight lines appearing bent or wavy (metamorphopsia), often noticed when looking at door frames, lamp posts or printed text. Other early signs include: a small grey or dark patch in the very centre of vision, sudden blurring of words while reading, colours appearing faded, or unusual difficulty with night driving. Wet AMD progresses rapidly — sudden change in central vision in a patient over 50 with risk factors is a medical emergency. The Amsler grid (home test) detects early distortion; if any line on the grid looks bent or part of the grid disappears, contact us within 24 hours.

How is macular degeneration diagnosed?

Diagnosis combines symptom history, visual acuity testing, Amsler grid testing, fundus photography (drusen and pigment changes), and most importantly macular OCT (optical coherence tomography) — which provides a cross-section image of the retina at micrometre resolution. OCT detects drusen, retinal pigment epithelium changes, fluid leakage (wet AMD) and atrophy. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT angiography (OCTA) further characterise choroidal neovascularisation in wet AMD. Eyeglow provides full diagnostic imaging at first consultation; we never start anti-VEGF treatment without OCT-confirmed CNV.

Why choose Eyeglow Health over marketplace agencies for AMD treatment?

AMD is a long-term chronic condition where continuity of care matters more than any single intervention. Marketplaces refer you to several clinics and earn a commission per referral — your file rotates between coordinators and your retina-specialist may change at each visit. At Eyeglow Health your case is reviewed by our own retina surgical team, and we provide a written treat-and-extend protocol your home retina clinic can adopt seamlessly. We are honest that AMD often requires lifelong domestic care — we offer second-opinion review, loading-dose treatment and structured aftercare, but we do not pretend to replace your home retina specialist.
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